Immunological characteristics of CoVID-19 and its implications

CoVID-19 is the most formidable unequaled global challenge invading 220 countries and territories in this millennium to uncountable saga of mortality, disability as humanity is witnessing devastation of socio-economy with more than 4 million deaths till date. The natural history of CoVID-19 from transmission through varied clinical features to overt complications is still under global research and research groups are on the run to trace its ramifications. This ranges from primary involvement of the pulmonary system to multisystem involvement through web of immunological pathways associated with susceptibility, clinical presentations, and severity of COVID-19. It has been hypothesized that the safe and effective mass vaccination program across the globe can ensure flattening of the pandemic curve to prepandemic normal life. This research group explored the basic and applied researches on molecular and immune mechanisms of SARS COV-2 virus. A sincere attempt has been made in futuristic research vision to find potential strengths, shortfalls, and efficacy of the plant-based immunotherapy, antibodies, and vaccine. Different research groups have hypothesized for the best possible use of these indigenous, stable, secure, efficacious natural products by searching their potential to accomplish emergency demands in this trying time. There is an urgent need to understand the inherent immunological predictors of the natural history of the disease spread over the spectrum from mild to severe forms of the disease and harp on these issues. In the wake of multiple waves with worse situations of evolving clinical features with the "variants of concern" and "variants of interest" and innovative interventions, this research group believes in optimum mix of microbial-derived biologicals with immune modifying drugs will broaden the preventive and curative spectrum. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Indian Journal of Health Sciences & Biomedical Research is the property of Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Giant Inverse T-wave in a Patient with COVID-19

It has been described that COVID-19 is a dynamic behavior and systemic affectation entity, so it is essential to develop the diagnostic and prognostic tools which allows to specifically identify target organ damage. The electrocardiographic finding of an inverse T-wave suggests transient apical dysfunction of the left ventricle, generating confusion among different heart diseases. However, despite the lack of troponin elevation and other myocardial injury signs, this finding is unspecific, especially in the patient with COVID-19. The aim of this manuscript is to present the case of a patient with COVID-19 without a previous diagnosis of heart disease, which manifests an isolated inverse T-wave.

Optic neuritis concomitant with pituitary macroadenoma in a patient with active COVID-19 infection: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Several neuro-ophthalmic manifestations have been reported with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, isolated optic neuritis was infrequently reported in humans with COVID-19. If it occurred, optic neuritis was usually a part of a demyelinating syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: In this paper, we report a case of optic neuritis concomitant with an undiagnosed pituitary macroadenoma discovered during active COVID-19 infection. The case was a 33-year-old woman with infertility who was recently found to have a pituitary macroadenoma secreting prolactin. During active COVID-19 infection, the patient developed optic neuritis that responded well to corticosteroids. Brain imaging and hormonal profile negated the presence of any demyelinating disease or pituitary apoplexy. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: A dilemma of whether optic neuritis occurring concomitantly with pituitary macroadenoma is just a coincidence, or there is an association remains unresolved. Whether COVID-19 infection might precipitate optic neuritis in patients with pituitary macroadenoma or not remains an issue to be answered by observing data from future case reports about similar findings. CONCLUSION: Optic neuritis in concomitant with pituitary macroadenoma following COVID-19 infection represents a dilemma of whether the visual symptoms are attributed to the tumor or COVID-19 infection.